{"id":26111,"date":"2022-01-24T14:02:28","date_gmt":"2022-01-24T08:32:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/?p=26111"},"modified":"2022-01-24T14:03:23","modified_gmt":"2022-01-24T08:33:23","slug":"gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/","title":{"rendered":"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth"},"content":{"rendered":"

The robust design of the GST is based on ensuring that the entire value chain from raw material to retail is brought under the GST net. This would ensure that there is no cascading effect of tax on tax and only the value addition at each stage is taxed. This design requires that there be no exemptions because any exemption breaks the pass through of the taxes and creates the problem of embedded taxes at various points in the value chain, increasing costs. While the importance of phasing out exemptions is commonly accepted, there is insufficient awareness of low rates of duty causing an inverted duty structure and accumulation of input tax credits at various points in the value chain.<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is therefore important to understand the universe of GST paying inputs. This universe of input can be split into three parts, namely input goods, input services and capital goods. The capital goods component is very important for taxes as it can create accumulation of credits if the output goods are not appropriately taxed at a level at which it can offset the earlier taxes. Therefore, ideally, to attract fresh investment as visualized in the productivity-linked incentive (PLI) scheme to boost manufacturing, the output GST rate for the manufacturing sector must be closer to the standard rate.<\/p>\n

The current clamour for a lower GST rate by various manufacturing industries is based on a narrow focus on the taxes on input goods, and ignores considerable taxes that are also embedded in input services and capital goods. The capital goods component is especially important now in view of the mandated guidelines for installation of pollution control equipment.<\/p>\n

Further, a lower GST rate would also hurt the manufacturing segment wanting to avail the PLI scheme benefits where substantial investment would entail taxes on capital equipment, which for offsetting would require reasonable output GST rates.<\/p>\n

As manufacturing units move up the value chain, input services like design, intellectual property rights, financial services become more and more important. Therefore, the manufacturing sector must desist from embracing short-termism but look at these rates from the medium\/long term perspective of growth and modernization.<\/strong><\/p>\n

In addition to an appropriate GST structure, manufacturing growth would also require a low import tariff regime covering critical raw materials and capital equipment not manufactured in India. These rates now averaging between 15 per cent and 18 per cent are too high, and hurt sector.<\/p>\n

Needles to mention, tax policy is not the only factor that will influence investment decisions. To create favorable ecosystem for manufacturing growth, one needs to reform the factor markets, which includes land, labour and energy.<\/p>\n

In the GST rate debate, therefore, rate fixation has to look at the input supply chain in its entirety. One of the reasons why GST rate fixation evokes a strong reaction is that there is an asymmetry of information between the government, on the one hand, and trade and industries on the other. It is therefore important to share information in the public domain and acquaint all the stakeholders with the relevant facts. Communication is vital. Reform by stealth is not feasible and also not desirable. Reform has to be based on widespread consultation and debate. This is especially important in the case of economic reforms where issues are more complex and nuanced with both pros and cons and then there is a resultant. It is not easy to explain the overall advantage of the resultant and requires policy mandarins to have both domain knowledge and the gift of communication. Many years ago, Francis Bacon famously remarked that \u201cKnowledge is power\u201d. Today in a digital world where public participation and awareness is intense, \u201cexpression is also power\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0948\u095c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u095d\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091b\u0942\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0939\u092e\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0941\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092c\u095d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u092c\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902-\u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902, \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0939\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0917 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 (\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932\u0906\u0908) \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u091c\u0926\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0905\u0939\u092e \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0928\u091c\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932\u0906\u0908 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932\u0906\u0908 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0905\u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928, \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u091c\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u091c\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u095d\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0938\u0924\u0928 15 \u0938\u0947 18 \u092b\u0940\u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n

\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0942\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u095c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u094d\u0925\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0939\u092e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u091a\u0941\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0924\u0940\u091c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0924\u0940\u091c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u092c\u0947\u0915\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0906\u091c \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0941\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The robust design of the GST is based on ensuring that the entire value chain from raw material to retail is brought under the GST net. This would ensure that there is no cascading effect of tax on tax and only the value addition at each stage is taxed. This design requires that there be […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6358,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2099],"tags":[1133,250],"class_list":["post-26111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-january-articles-2022","tag-goods-and-service-tax","tag-gst"],"yoast_head":"\nGST Rates and Manufacturing Growth - PLY INSIGHT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth - PLY INSIGHT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The robust design of the GST is based on ensuring that the entire value chain from raw material to retail is brought under the GST net. This would ensure that there is no cascading effect of tax on tax and only the value addition at each stage is taxed. This design requires that there be […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PLY INSIGHT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PlyInsight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-01-24T08:32:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-01-24T08:33:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"874\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ply Insight\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@PlyInsight\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@PlyInsight\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ply Insight\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ply Insight\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6ea1320d09fd2eeae3e26f1ca82a53b5\"},\"headline\":\"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-01-24T08:32:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-01-24T08:33:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/\"},\"wordCount\":622,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"goods and service tax\",\"gst\"],\"articleSection\":[\"January Articles 2022\"],\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/\",\"name\":\"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth - PLY INSIGHT\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-01-24T08:32:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-01-24T08:33:23+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6ea1320d09fd2eeae3e26f1ca82a53b5\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":874},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/\",\"name\":\"PLY INSIGHT\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6ea1320d09fd2eeae3e26f1ca82a53b5\",\"name\":\"Ply Insight\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e10525fa061a8d3072e0ba5556ca9b3c9216b557ff87b91120b71c65c0c6eab0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e10525fa061a8d3072e0ba5556ca9b3c9216b557ff87b91120b71c65c0c6eab0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ply Insight\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/author\/qwer123\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth - PLY INSIGHT","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/","og_locale":"hi_IN","og_type":"article","og_title":"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth - PLY INSIGHT","og_description":"The robust design of the GST is based on ensuring that the entire value chain from raw material to retail is brought under the GST net. This would ensure that there is no cascading effect of tax on tax and only the value addition at each stage is taxed. This design requires that there be […]","og_url":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/","og_site_name":"PLY INSIGHT","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PlyInsight","article_published_time":"2022-01-24T08:32:28+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-01-24T08:33:23+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2000,"height":874,"url":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ply Insight","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@PlyInsight","twitter_site":"@PlyInsight","twitter_misc":{"\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924":"Ply Insight","\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f":"6 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/"},"author":{"name":"Ply Insight","@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6ea1320d09fd2eeae3e26f1ca82a53b5"},"headline":"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth","datePublished":"2022-01-24T08:32:28+00:00","dateModified":"2022-01-24T08:33:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/"},"wordCount":622,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg","keywords":["goods and service tax","gst"],"articleSection":["January Articles 2022"],"inLanguage":"hi-IN","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/","url":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/","name":"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth - PLY INSIGHT","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg","datePublished":"2022-01-24T08:32:28+00:00","dateModified":"2022-01-24T08:33:23+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6ea1320d09fd2eeae3e26f1ca82a53b5"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hi-IN","@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GST-SURVEY-e1659094139525.jpeg","width":2000,"height":874},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/gst-rates-and-manufacturing-growth\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"GST Rates and Manufacturing Growth"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/","name":"PLY INSIGHT","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6ea1320d09fd2eeae3e26f1ca82a53b5","name":"Ply Insight","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hi-IN","@id":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e10525fa061a8d3072e0ba5556ca9b3c9216b557ff87b91120b71c65c0c6eab0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e10525fa061a8d3072e0ba5556ca9b3c9216b557ff87b91120b71c65c0c6eab0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ply Insight"},"url":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/author\/qwer123\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26111"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26113,"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26111\/revisions\/26113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}