{"id":29406,"date":"2022-08-12T11:36:48","date_gmt":"2022-08-12T06:06:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/?p=29406"},"modified":"2022-08-16T17:16:19","modified_gmt":"2022-08-16T11:46:19","slug":"tree-crop-an-eco-friendlytool-for-rehabilitation-of-waterlogged-and-saline-lands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/tree-crop-an-eco-friendlytool-for-rehabilitation-of-waterlogged-and-saline-lands\/","title":{"rendered":"Tree Crops \u2013 an Eco-Friendlytool for Rehabilitation of Waterlogged and Saline Lands"},"content":{"rendered":"

Globally, about 10% of the land area is affected by water logging and over 6% by salinity. In India, about 67 lakh hectares (ha) of land is affected by salinity, out of which nearly half is under irrigated agriculture. Severely waterlogged saline soils occur in about 20 lakh ha area in arid\/semi-arid north-western states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat and 10 lakh each in the coastal and black cotton regions of India. It is projected that about 130 lakh ha area in irrigation commands of India will be affected by water logging and salinity by 2025.Hence, the problem of water logging and salinity is increasing with the passage of time.<\/strong><\/p>\n

According to Haryana Agriculture Department (HAD), about 9.83 lakh acres was affected with the problem of water logging and salinity in the State during June 2020, out of which 1.74 lakh acres was severely affected. As per Haryana Water Regulatory Authority(2022), there are 6885 villages in Haryana, of which 6% are suffering from water logging (water table 0-3 m), while 9% villages are in the buffer zone of water logging (water table 3-5 m). The problem of water logging is quite severe in Rohtak and Jhajjar districts (40-60% villages), while its surrounding districts of Charkhi Dadri, Bhiwani, Hisar, Jind and Sonipat, are moderately affected (less than 20% villages). As a preventive measure, the sweater logging prone villages also needs to be treated.<\/p>\n

An area is said to be waterlogged when the water table rises to such an extent that the soil pores in the root zone of a crop become saturated, resulting in restriction of normal circulation of air, decline in the level of oxygen and increase in the level of carbon dioxide{\u201cWater logging in Punjab(2013)\u201d, Planning Commission}. It also causes degradation of the soil due to accumulation of salts at the surface leading to ecological imbalance.<\/p>\n

The water logging mainly results due to seepage of water while extending the canal network. The extensive cultivation of wheat-paddy crops which require more irrigation as compared to traditional crops of maize, cotton, millets, oilseeds, pulses, etc., has led to rising of the water table.The flood irrigation practices have further aggravated this problem where the underlain ground water is saline. He problems of water logging and salinity can be effectively tackled by sub-surface drainage technology provided it is properly designed, installed and maintained.<\/p>\n

The shortcomings of this technology, high cost and causes environmental degradation, call for alternative approaches like bio-drainage, a process of removing the excess soil water through transpiration using bio-energy of the plants and radiation energy of the sun. The fast-growing eucalyptus, accused to be a water-guzzler, is most suitable for bio-drainage. As per the paper ‘Bio-drainage for Management of Water logging and Soil Salinity’ by Gurbachan Singh (2017), consumptive water use varies with the age of the plants, geometry, soil properties, water table, salinity and climatic conditions. This variation can be between 6500 to 28000 m3\/ha\/year and under ideal conditions, a tree canopy may lower water tables by 1\u20132 metres over a period of 3\u20135 years.<\/p>\n

As per bulletin of the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal and Haryana Forest Department (HFD)’Bio-drainage-Eco-friendly Technique for Combating Water logging & Salinity (2008)’, agroforestry model of bio-drainage was tested through planting of clonal eucalyptus on double ridges at a spacing of 1mx1m (300 plants\/ha), which covered about 4% of each ha in Puthi (Hisar). The water table underneath ridge plantations were lowered by 85 cm as compared to adjacent waterlogged fields in 03 years.<\/p>\n

The productivity of 5 years and 4-month-old plantation was 8.7 m3\/ha\/yr while the yield of wheat was 3.3 times the yield in the nearby waterlogged fields. The trees like casuarina, shisham, jamun, arjun, kikar, subabul, etc., are also effective in lowering the water table. The advantages of bio-drainage over the sub-surface drainage include less cost, no operational cost, no disposal of drained water, moderates the impact of heat waves, helps in carbon sequestration, mitigates the effects of climate change, and provides higher income to the farmers.<\/p>\n

For effective treatment of waterlogged and saline areas, the curative efforts along with preventive like decreasing the paddy area, cultivating low water demanding crops like guar and pulses and salt-resistant crops such as barley, sugar beet, sunflower, banana, oats and corn, using drip\/sprinkler irrigation energized by the solar pump and developing fisheries, need to be implemented simultaneously. HAD has fixed a target of treating 01 lakh acres of waterlogged lands through sub-surface\/vertical drainage system and has requested the farmers to join the programme. Haryana Forest Department (HFD) which has already been implementing bio-drainage model of agroforestry since 1998, needs to step up their efforts.<\/p>\n

The farmers need to be motivated through demonstration plots to plant clonal eucalyptus on a large scale in waterlogged villages. The panchayats may also be encouraged to raise bio-drainage plantations on their lands in these villages to reduce water table. Continuous R&D efforts through collaboration of Haryana Agriculture University, CSSRI, HAD and HFD, are required to be made to use the right technology at the right place.<\/p>\n

The treatment of waterlogged and saline areas needs continuous investment to sustain the efforts otherwise all the work done so far will go waste if left midway. This crisis may be converted into an opportunity through popularisation of bio-drainage technology in this region which will lead to production of wood which is a raw material for wood-based industries, especially Medium Density Fibre (MDF) Board plants that may be established in this region leading to creation of additional employment opportunities for local people and increasing income of the farmers. Hence, this environment friendly intervention may not only ultimately result into rehabilitation of waterlogged lands but may also help in mitigation of the effects of climate change and in achieving a carbon neutral economy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Globally, about 10% of the land area is affected by water logging and over 6% by salinity. In India, about 67 lakh hectares (ha) of land is affected by salinity, out of which nearly half is under irrigated agriculture. Severely waterlogged saline soils occur in about 20 lakh ha area in arid\/semi-arid north-western states of […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17438,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3178],"tags":[1271,3230,3228,2355,1511,772,3231,621,1338,1339,3233,3227,3232,2008,3229,570,1121,939],"class_list":["post-29406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-august-articles-2022","tag-central-bank","tag-central-soil-salinity-reseach","tag-eco","tag-eco-friendly","tag-eucalyptus","tag-haryana-and-karnataka-lag-behind-in-business-ranking","tag-haryana-forest-department","tag-mdf","tag-plant","tag-plantation","tag-plantations","tag-tree-crops","tag-underneath-ridge","tag-water","tag-waterlogged-and-sanile-lands","tag-wood","tag-wooden","tag-woodworking"],"yoast_head":"\nTree Crops \u2013 an Eco-Friendlytool for Rehabilitation of Waterlogged and Saline Lands - PLY INSIGHT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/tree-crop-an-eco-friendlytool-for-rehabilitation-of-waterlogged-and-saline-lands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tree Crops \u2013 an Eco-Friendlytool for Rehabilitation of Waterlogged and Saline Lands - PLY INSIGHT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Globally, about 10% of the land area is affected by water logging and over 6% by salinity. In India, about 67 lakh hectares (ha) of land is affected by salinity, out of which nearly half is under irrigated agriculture. 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