{"id":54012,"date":"2026-08-11T16:50:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T11:20:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/?p=54012"},"modified":"2026-08-11T17:10:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T11:40:21","slug":"empowering-farmers-through-forestry-extension-a-strategic-approach-to-agroforestry-promotion-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plyinsight.com\/hi\/empowering-farmers-through-forestry-extension-a-strategic-approach-to-agroforestry-promotion-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0903 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1998 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941 \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 (\u090f\u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b\u090f\u0938) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0943 \u0937\u093f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094c\u0927 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 36 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u091f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u092c\u093f\u0915, \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 (\u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u095c\u0915\u0930) \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1993 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928 3. 7 \u0914\u0930 10 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u095c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0932\u092e \u092a\u0947\u092a\u0930\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0940\u0902\u0925\u0940, \u092c\u093f\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0939\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u0940\u0921 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0940\u0902\u0925\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0906\u0936\u094d\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091b\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0905\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964 \u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092b \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964 (\u0938\u092a\u0930\u093e, 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u094b\u095c \u0924\u092c \u0906\u092f\u093e \u091c\u092c \u0905\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0935\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0940\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u0940\u0902\u0925\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094c\u0927 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

2000 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u092d\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940. \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u095c\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u095d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940 (\u0938\u092a\u0930\u093e, 2023)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0930\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0907\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (\u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0930\u0908) \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 (\u090f\u0938\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 (MoUs) \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0930\u0908 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (ICFRE) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0947\u090f\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0930\u0908, 2023)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

ICFRE \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u094c \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 34 \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (\u0935\u0940\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0947\u090f\u0938) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0938\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0947\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u2018\u0932\u0948\u092c \u091f\u0942 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u2018 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0930\u0908 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902. \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f, \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 (\u092c\u093e\u092f-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0940\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0947\u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0908 \u0939\u0948. \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u095d\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0930\u0908. 2023)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u095c\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u092d\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 1.5 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u095d \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u091a\u0915\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (PAD 2023)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u095d \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948. \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0939 \u0924\u0915 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0939 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u095c\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092f \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c\u0926\u0947\u0939\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0928\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0940\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c\u0926\u0947\u0939\u0940 \u092c\u095d\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (SFDs) \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (SADs) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0938\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0921\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 (PAD, 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. ICAR \u0914\u0930 ICFRE \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0907\u0938 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0947\u090f\u0938) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (\u0935\u0940\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0947\u090f\u0938) \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 (PAD, 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 (PAD 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u095c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964 (PAD, 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u092c\u095c\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u095c\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0935\u093f\u092e\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921 (\u091c\u094b \u0905\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948) \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 1984 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u090b\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u095c\u0928\u0947, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 (\u092c\u093e\u092f-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915) \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0915\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0949\u092a\u0932\u0930 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0932\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935\u0947\u091f \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0928\u0947 1989 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0938, \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0941\u0905\u0930\u0940\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u092c\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f. \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 (\u091a\u094d\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d) \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092c\u095c\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u095c\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 (\u0938\u092a\u0930\u093e, 2025)<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 100 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0932\u0915\u095c\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0906\u0938-\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 - \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \"\"<\/p>\n

                  \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0903<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (\u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0930\u0908) \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (\u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940\u090f\u0906\u0930) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0928, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 33 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u095d \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u095d \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  India’s forestry extension system has played a pivotal role in promoting tree cultivation outside traditional forest areas, thereby supporting rural livelihoods and reducing pressure on natural forests. Following the success of externally aided social forestry projects during the 1980s and 1990s, dedicated extension structures were created within State Forest Departments (SFDs) to motivate farmers and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":51759,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10624],"tags":[11345,13117,13120,13118,4960,13116,3370,4238,13121,10860,13119,13115,3993,489],"class_list":["post-54012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wood-agroforestry-environment","tag-agroforestry-india","tag-agroforestry-policy","tag-eucalyptus-farming","tag-farm-forestry","tag-farmer-income","tag-forestry-extension","tag-icar","tag-rural-development","tag-social-forestry","tag-sustainable-forestry","tag-timber-farming","tag-tree-farming","tag-tree-plantation","tag-wood-industry"],"yoast_head":"\nEmpowering Farmers through Forestry Extension: A Strategic Approach to Agroforestry Promotion in India - 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